When the independent variable is explored rather than manipulated, to observe…
2020
When the independent variable is explored rather than manipulated, to observe the effect on dependent variable, the method of research is called:
- A.
Ex-post facto method
- B.
Experimental method
- C.
Case study method
- D.
Descriptive survey method
Attempted by 1 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Correct answer: Ex-post facto method.
The key phrase in the question is that the independent variable is "explored rather than manipulated." Ex-post facto research (also called causal-comparative research) studies a phenomenon after it has already occurred. Because the independent variable has already taken place — or is inherently non-manipulable (for example, gender, an existing habit, or a past event) — the researcher cannot and does not manipulate it; instead it is explored as it exists, and its effect on the dependent variable is examined retrospectively.
The term 'ex-post facto' means 'from what is done afterwards.' The design begins with the effect (dependent variable) and works backward to identify the probable cause (independent variable).
This contrasts with the experimental method, in which the researcher actively manipulates the independent variable under controlled conditions. Hence the situation described — exploring an unmanipulated independent variable to observe its effect — is the ex-post facto method.