Research misconduct includes which of the following? A. Data fabrication B.…
2025
Research misconduct includes which of the following?
A. Data fabrication B. Plagiarism C. Data falsification D. Differences of opinion E. Data validation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- A.
A, B, C and E Only
- B.
C, D and E Only
- C.
D and E Only
- D.
A, B and C Only
Attempted by 4 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Research misconduct is universally defined by the triad of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (FFP). Data fabrication (A), plagiarism (B), and data falsification (C) are all core components of misconduct. Differences of opinion (D) and standard data validation (E) are legitimate scientific activities, not misconduct. Therefore, the correct combination includes A, B, and C.