Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Concept) LIST-II (Scholars) A. To…

Concept — In a match-the-list item on research methodology, each statement in the first list is the signature claim of one scholar: a defining criterion, a stated methodological position, or a named instrument that scholar built. The dependable method is to first fix the pairs that are eponymous or otherwise beyond doubt, then attach each remaining statement to the scholar whose known intellectual position it expresses, and only then read off the combination. Judging whole combinations at a glance is unreliable, because several arrangements usually differ in just one pair; anchoring individual pairs is what makes the item decidable.

Application — Working through the four statements one pair at a time:

1. "Sort scale was developed" points to Q-methodology. The Q-sort, in which a respondent rank-orders a set of statements along a forced quasi-normal distribution so that a subjective viewpoint can be measured, was devised by William Stephenson (1935, elaborated in The Study of Behavior, 1953). This pairing is eponymous, so D-IV is fixed first and carries no ambiguity.

2. "Draws a parallel between the social research process which is considered scientific and the process that we use in our daily lives" states the positivist argument of George A. Lundberg, who held that the scientific method is not a separate faculty but the everyday sequence of observing, forming a generalisation and testing it, carried out deliberately, systematically and under controls. This gives B-I.

3. “Sociological research is primarily committed to systematic, reliable knowledge of social world” states a methodological position about the discipline itself: sociological inquiry is disciplined empirical study whose obligation is dependable, systematic knowledge of the actual social world rather than theorising detached from it. Herbert Blumer argued at length that the empirical social world must remain the touchstone of sociological method, so this list pairs the statement with him, giving C-II. The same phrasing is also closely associated with Martin Bulmer, who wrote on sociological research methods; see the note on attribution below.

4. “To qualify as a case study, it must be a bounded system, an entity in itself” is the boundedness criterion from the case-study literature: a case is studied as a whole unit with identifiable limits of time, place and membership, not as an arbitrary slice of a wider field. The wording is that of Burns, Introduction to Research Methods, and this list carries a single Burns entry, giving A-III. On the first name printed in the list, see the note on attribution below.

Cross-check — Read the four pairs back as a set: A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV. Each of the four scholars is used exactly once and each statement is used exactly once, so the matching is one-to-one, as a match-the-list item requires. The two anchors also survive independently: the Sort scale stays with William Stephenson, and the everyday-reasoning parallel stays with George A. Lundberg, and among the arrangements offered only one keeps both of those pairs intact.

The correct matching is therefore A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV.

Note on attribution — This item is reproduced exactly as it appeared in the paper, including the names printed in LIST-II, and two of them deserve care. The “bounded system, an entity in itself” wording is from R. B. Burns, Introduction to Research Methods, not from the sociologist Tom Burns; since the list carries only one Burns entry, the intended pairing is still that entry. The phrasing about a commitment to systematic, reliable knowledge of the social world is closest to Martin Bulmer’s writing on sociological research methods, although Herbert Blumer’s methodological work makes the same demand that sociology yield dependable knowledge of the empirical social world. The official key for this paper marks the arrangement A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV, which is the arrangement derived above. For the examination, learn the pairing; for the scholarship, learn the sources named here.