Which of the following is not a dual-mode university?

Concept — single-mode versus dual-mode: Indian universities are grouped by the mode through which they deliver their academic programmes. A single-mode (open) university is established to deliver its programmes through open and distance learning and is classified by that delivery mode, without a conventional affiliating or regular degree stream of its own. A dual-mode university runs regular face-to-face teaching and, alongside it, distance or correspondence programmes through a dedicated school, directorate or institute of distance education. The working test is therefore whether one and the same university carries both a regular stream and a distance stream.

Application — each university in the list is checked against that two-stream test:

Cross-check — Delhi, Bangalore and Madras are long-established conventional universities that later added a distance wing on top of their existing classroom teaching, which is precisely what makes an institution dual-mode. Indira Gandhi National Open University was created by the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 as a national open university, and its whole delivery runs on self-learning material, counselling sessions and a network of regional and study centres. It did add a small number of on-campus face-to-face offerings from 2008, which a few writers describe as a step towards multiple modes, but it continues to be classified as an open, single-mode university rather than as one of the dual-mode universities that run a distance directorate alongside a regular affiliating stream. It therefore sits in the single-mode category rather than the dual-mode one.

Result — the university that is not a dual-mode university is Indira Gandhi National Open University, a single-mode open university.