Which of the following are correct? A. UGC frames regulations and sets minimum…

Concept

Higher-education bodies must be matched to their institutional role: regulation and standards, assessment and accreditation, infrastructure financing, or ranking.

The decisive distinction is between financing through a loan mechanism and giving a direct grant-in-aid.

Application

1. UGC issues regulations and coordinates the determination and maintenance of standards in higher education; therefore the UGC statement is accurate.

2. NAAC assesses and accredits higher-education institutions to support quality assurance; therefore the NAAC statement is accurate.

3. HEFA finances educational infrastructure through loan-based arrangements. Describing its role as providing grant-in-aid to institutions changes the financing mechanism, so the HEFA statement is inaccurate.

4. NIRF is the national framework used to rank Indian institutions across published categories; therefore the NIRF statement is accurate.

Cross-check and contrast

• Selecting only the NAAC statement omits the supported roles of UGC and NIRF.

• Selecting only the NIRF statement omits the supported roles of UGC and NAAC.

• The selection containing the UGC, NAAC and NIRF statements includes the three supported statements and excludes the HEFA grant-in-aid claim.

• The selection containing the NAAC, HEFA and NIRF statements includes the HEFA grant-in-aid claim and omits the supported UGC statement.

Result

Therefore, the correct answer is A, B and D only.