Which of the following strategies of teaching are learner-centered? (a)…

Concept

A teaching strategy is learner-centered (student-centered) when the learner is the active agent of the learning process — constructing knowledge by doing, exploring, and interacting — while the teacher acts as a facilitator. A strategy is teacher-centered when the teacher is the primary source and controller of information and the learner mainly receives it.

Application

Classify each listed strategy by where the activity sits — with the learner or with the teacher:

• Practical tasks based project: the learner plans, investigates and produces work, so the learner is active — learner-centered.

• Group discussion: learners exchange and build ideas with peers, so they are active participants — learner-centered.

• Cybernetics: a control-and-feedback model of regulating a system; it is not a strategy in which the learner directs the activity — not learner-centered here.

• Lecture with audio-visual aids: the teacher delivers content (aids only enrich the delivery) and learners largely receive — teacher-centered.

• Question-answer session: typically the teacher poses and steers the questions and judges answers, so control stays with the teacher — teacher-centered.

Result

The strategies in which the learner is the active agent are the practical project (d) and the group discussion (e). Hence the learner-centered set is (d) and (e).

Cross-check

The remaining items each keep the teacher (or a control model) in control of the activity, so no combination involving (a), (b) or (c) can be fully learner-centered — confirming that only the (d)-and-(e) pairing qualifies.