Match the List-I with List-II LIST I — Term LIST II — Meaning A. Decision…
2024
Match the List-I with List-II
LIST I — Term | LIST II — Meaning |
|---|---|
A. Decision making | I. The tendency to hold on a belief in the face of contradictory evidence. |
B. Confirmation bias | II. The tendency to have more confidence in judgement and decisions than we should based on probability. |
C. Belief perseverance | III. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them. |
D. Overconfidence bias | IV. Evaluating alternatives and making choices among them. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: C. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II — Concept: Decision making is the cognitive process of weighing the alternatives that are available and selecting one of them. A cognitive bias is a systematic…
- A.
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
- B.
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
- C.
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
- D.
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
Attempted by 3 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept: Decision making is the cognitive process of weighing the alternatives that are available and selecting one of them. A cognitive bias is a systematic departure from that rational weighing, and each named bias is defined by the particular stage it distorts — which evidence is sought, what is done with evidence that conflicts, or how confidence is calibrated against actual probability.
Application: Take each term in List-I and state its defining feature, then read off the meaning in List-II that carries exactly that feature.
Term (List-I) | Defining feature | List-II |
|---|---|---|
A. Decision making | Weighing the available alternatives and choosing one of them; a neutral process, not a distortion. | IV |
B. Confirmation bias | Selectively seeking and using evidence that supports an idea already held, rather than evidence that would refute it. | III |
C. Belief perseverance | Retaining a belief even after evidence that contradicts it has been received. | I |
D. Overconfidence bias | Holding more confidence in a judgement than its actual probability of being right warrants. | II |
Cross-check: The two biases that are easiest to interchange are separated by when they act, and the remaining pair is separated by what they are about.
Confirmation bias acts while evidence is being gathered — it governs what a person goes looking for.
Belief perseverance acts after disconfirming evidence has already arrived — it governs what a person refuses to give up.
Overconfidence bias is about the calibration of confidence against probability, not about how evidence is handled; and decision making is the underlying process itself rather than any bias in it.
Result: A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.