Alpha and Beta Testing are types of

Alpha and Beta Testing are classified as Validation Testing because they focus on verifying that the software meets user needs and requirements in real-world scenarios. Alpha testing is conducted internally by developers or a dedicated team before release, while Beta testing involves external users in a live environment. Both stages ensure the product functions as intended from the customer's perspective, which is the core purpose of validation. Unit Testing (Option A) and Integration Testing (Option B) are structural tests performed earlier in the development cycle to check code modules and their interactions, not final user acceptance. Recovery Testing (Option D) specifically assesses system resilience after failures, unrelated to user validation. Therefore, since Alpha and Beta Testing confirm the software satisfies business requirements through actual usage, they fall under Validation Testing.