Which of the following is responsible for allocating resources and controlling…

While the term "allocating resources" can sound broad, the phrase "controlling the execution of processes" narrows the responsibility specifically to the Process Scheduler .

• The Allocation: The primary resource a process needs to execute is CPU time. The scheduler decides which process in the ready queue receives the CPU core next and for how long.

• The Control: It manages process transitions between execution states (Ready, Running, Blocked) and handles preemption when a process's time slice expires or a higher-priority task arrives.