Consider the following statements and select the correct option: Amendment in…

Concept: Article 368 of the Constitution of India governs the amendment procedure. Two settled rules apply here. First, a Constitutional Amendment Bill may be introduced in EITHER House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) — there is no requirement that it begin in the Lok Sabha. Second, when an amendment affects the federal structure (the entrenched matters listed in the proviso to Article 368), it additionally needs ratification by the legislatures of NOT LESS THAN ONE-HALF of the States — that is, at least half, not all of the States.

Apply to each statement:

• "Amendment can only be initiated in Lok Sabha" — this restricts introduction to one House. Article 368 permits introduction in either House, so the word "only" is wrong. This statement is incorrect.

• "...needs ratification from ALL the Indian States" — the actual requirement is ratification by at least one-half of the State Legislatures, never by all of them. The word "all" overstates the rule, so this statement is incorrect as worded.

Cross-check / contrast: A common trap is to read the second statement charitably and treat the idea of "state ratification for federal changes" as broadly true while ignoring the word "all". But the question asks whether the statements are correct exactly as written, and "all the States" is a factual error — the threshold is one-half. With statement 1 failing on "only" and statement 2 failing on "all", neither statement is correct as worded.

Result: Both statements are incorrect, so the correct choice is the one stating that both are incorrect.