Who had introduced 'Doctrine of Lapse' in India?

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

The 'Doctrine of Lapse' was an annexation policy applied by Lord Dalhousie, who served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. Under this doctrine, if a ruler of a princely state died without a natural (biological) male heir, his state would automatically 'lapse' and be annexed by the British East India Company, which refused to recognise an adopted heir unless the adoption had its prior approval.

Using this policy, Dalhousie annexed several states, including Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854). Awadh (Oudh) was annexed in 1856 on the ground of alleged misgovernance. This aggressive expansion bred deep resentment among Indian rulers and was one of the major causes of the Revolt of 1857.

The doctrine was later withdrawn after the Revolt of 1857.