What is the process called in which ores are heated above their melting point…

The process typically produces molten metal and a lighter molten waste called slag, which is removed.

Fluxes and a reducing atmosphere are often used to aid separation and remove oxygen from metal oxides.

Examples: Iron production in a blast furnace where iron is separated from its ores and molten iron and slag form.

Why the other listed processes are not the correct name for heating ores above their melting point: Reduction: This describes a chemical change (gain of electrons or loss of oxygen) that may occur during smelting, but it is not the name of the overall heating-and-melting process.

Froth flotation: A mineral concentration technique using bubbles to separate particles; it operates at much lower temperatures and does not melt the ore.

Electrolysis: An electrical method to extract or refine metals by passing current through an electrolyte; it is distinct from smelting and is not the general term for heating ores to melt them.

In short: The process of heating ores above their melting point to extract metal is called smelting (प्रगलन).