Which concurrency control protocol uses timestamp ordering ?

2026

Which concurrency control protocol uses timestamp ordering ?

  1. A.

    Two-phase locking

  2. B.

    Timestamp-based protocol

  3. C.

    Validation-based protocol

  4. D.

    Snapshot isolation

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Correct answer: B

timestamp-based concurrency control protocols use timestamps to order transactions and ensure serializability. Each transaction receives a unique timestamp upon arrival, which determines the order of execution and conflict resolution.

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