A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S…

2025

A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place.

I. S can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message II. A third party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message III. R can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message

Which of the following are possible security violations?

  1. A.

    I and II only

  2. B.

    I only

  3. C.

    III only

  4. D.

    II and III only

Attempted by 40 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

In digital signatures, the sender S can launch a birthday attack to find hash collisions. This allows S to replace message m with a fraudulent one while maintaining the same signature. Third parties cannot forge signatures without S's private key, and R cannot alter m after verification.

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