Which is equivalent CFG without useless symbols for the given grammar: S → PQ…

A symbol is useful if it is both generating and reachable.

1. Generating Symbols: S and P derive terminals (S → p, P → p). Q has no production rule, so it is non-generating.

2. Elimination: Since Q is useless, the production S → PQ is eliminated.

This leaves S → p and P → p. Now, P cannot be reached from the start symbol S, making P unreachable. Removing P leaves only S→ p.

Correct Answer: S → p (Option B).