A graph G with number of vertices greater and equal than three i.e. (n≥3) is a…

2024

A graph G with number of vertices greater and equal than three i.e. (n≥3) is a Hamiltonian graph,
if the degree of each vertex is greater and equal to ....

  1. A.

    Equal to number of vertices

  2. B.

    Double of number of vertices

  3. C.

    Half of number of vertices

  4. D.

    Four times of number of vertices.

Attempted by 154 students.

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Correct answer: C

Correct criterion: For a simple graph with n ≥ 3 vertices, if every vertex has degree at least n/2, then the graph is Hamiltonian (Dirac's theorem).

Proof sketch:

  • Assume every vertex has degree ≥ n/2. Let C be a longest cycle in the graph.

  • If C contains all vertices, it is a Hamiltonian cycle and we are done. Otherwise pick a vertex x not on C.

  • Vertex x has at least n/2 neighbors on C. These neighbors divide C into many segments, so two neighbors of x on C are not consecutive along C. By connecting x into C between such nonconsecutive neighbors, one can form a longer cycle that includes x, contradicting the maximality of C.

  • This contradiction implies C must include all vertices; hence the graph is Hamiltonian.

Remarks: The condition is sufficient but not necessary. Also note the maximum possible degree in an n-vertex simple graph is n−1, so suggestions like degree equal to n or multiples of n are impossible.

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