The extent to which a software tolerates the unexpected problems, is termed as :

Answer: Robustness — Robustness is the extent to which software tolerates unexpected problems and handles them without catastrophic failure.

• Definition: Robustness means the ability to cope with invalid inputs, unexpected conditions, resource shortages, or partial failures by handling errors gracefully, continuing to operate, or degrading safely.

• Why not accuracy: Accuracy measures how close outputs are to the true or expected values; it does not describe tolerance to unexpected problems.

• Why not reliability: Reliability refers to consistent correct operation over time (e.g., uptime and absence of failures). Although related, reliability emphasizes consistency rather than the specific ability to handle unexpected errors.

• Why not correctness: Correctness means meeting specifications and producing expected results; it does not inherently address behavior under unexpected or erroneous conditions.

• Example: A robust application validates inputs, catches and handles exceptions, and either recovers or provides a safe failure mode instead of crashing when faced with malformed data or resource limits.