Which of the following are typical activities in the software process…

Answer: Requirement Analysis, System Design, and Deployment.

Explanation:

• Requirement Analysis — identifying and documenting user needs and system requirements; it establishes what the system must do.

• System Design — defining the system architecture, components, interfaces, and data to meet the requirements.

• Deployment — releasing, installing, and configuring the system in an operational environment so end users can use it.

Why Code Refactoring is not included as a main lifecycle activity:

Code Refactoring is a technique used during development or maintenance to improve code structure and quality. It is important, but it is typically considered an activity within implementation/maintenance rather than a separate top-level lifecycle phase.

Why 'Substructure' is not relevant:

'Substructure' is not a standard term for a software process activity and does not correspond to a recognized phase of the software lifecycle.