Arrange the following in the increasing order of coupling from lowest coupling…

Answer (lowest to highest): Stamp coupling, Control coupling, External coupling, Common coupling, Content coupling.

• Stamp coupling: Modules share a composite data structure (only parts are used). This is relatively low coupling compared to control or global sharing.

• Control coupling: One module controls the flow of another by passing control information (e.g., flags). Stronger coupling than stamp coupling because it affects control logic.

• External coupling: Modules depend on external systems, formats, or devices (e.g., shared I/O formats). This is tighter than control coupling due to external interface constraints.

• Common coupling: Modules share global data (e.g., global variables). This increases interdependence and is worse than external coupling.

• Content coupling: One module directly uses or modifies the internals of another module. This is the highest (most undesirable) form of coupling.

Why other orders are incorrect: Any ordering that places Content coupling earlier than other types is wrong because content coupling represents direct internal dependency and is the most severe. Similarly, Stamp coupling should be before Control coupling because sharing structured data (where only parts are used) is looser than passing control information.