Arrange the given steps required for a Direct Memory Access (DMA) transfer in…

Correct sequence: Initiate DMA transfer request → Processor grants DMA control over the system bus → Transfer data directly between peripheral and memory → DMA controller completes data transfer and signals completion.

1. Initiate DMA transfer request — A peripheral device or the system requests the DMA controller to perform a transfer.

2. Processor grants DMA control over the system bus — The processor acknowledges the request and releases the system bus so the DMA controller can use it.

3. Transfer data directly between peripheral and memory — The DMA controller performs the actual data movement without CPU intervention.

4. DMA controller completes data transfer and signals completion — The DMA controller raises an interrupt or sets a flag to inform the processor that the transfer is finished.

Why this order matters: The transfer request must come first so the processor knows to yield the bus. Only after the processor grants bus control can the DMA controller safely move data. Finally, signaling completion lets the processor resume normal handling or post-processing.