Reasoning strategies used in expert systems include ________ .
2015
Reasoning strategies used in expert systems include ________ .
- A.
Forward chaining, backward chaining and problem reduction
- B.
Forward chaining, backward chaining and boundary mutation
- C.
Forward chaining, backward chaining and back propagation
- D.
Forward chaining, problem reduction and boundary mutation
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Correct answer: A
Answer: Forward chaining, backward chaining and problem reduction.
Explanation: In rule-based expert systems, common reasoning strategies are:
Forward chaining: A data-driven approach that starts from available facts and applies inference rules to derive new facts or conclusions.
Backward chaining: A goal-driven approach that starts from a hypothesis or goal and works backward to determine which facts must be true to support that goal.
Problem reduction: Decomposing a complex problem into smaller subproblems that can be solved sequentially or hierarchically.
Why the other terms are not correct:
Boundary mutation is a software testing technique and not an inference method used by expert systems.
Back propagation is an algorithm for training neural networks (learning), not a rule-based reasoning strategy in expert systems.
Summary: The correct set of reasoning strategies used in expert systems comprises forward chaining, backward chaining, and problem reduction because they respectively cover data-driven inference, goal-driven inference, and hierarchical problem solving.