Which of the followings is Not a parent selection technique used in genetic…

Answer: Radial is not a parent selection technique used in genetic algorithms.

Key insight: Parent selection methods pick individuals for reproduction based on fitness. Common, recognized methods include:

• Tournament selection — randomly pick a small group and select the best from that group.

• Rank selection — sort individuals by fitness and assign selection probabilities based on rank to limit domination by very fit individuals.

• Boltzmann selection — use a temperature parameter to convert fitness into probabilities, promoting exploration early and exploitation later.

• Other common methods include roulette-wheel (fitness-proportionate) selection and stochastic universal sampling.

Why "Radial" is incorrect as a selection method: Radial does not appear in the standard taxonomy of parent selection techniques; it likely refers to concepts in other domains (for example, radial basis functions) rather than genetic algorithm parent selection.