If X is a binary number which is power of 2, then the value of X & (X – 1) is :

Answer: all zeros (00…..00)

Explanation: For a number that is a power of two, the binary representation has exactly one '1' and the remaining bits are '0'.

• Step 1: Represent X as 100…0 (one '1' followed by zeros).

• Step 2: Compute X - 1. This flips the single '1' to '0' and makes all lower bits '1', giving 011…1.

• Step 3: Perform the bitwise AND: 100…0 & 011…1 = 000…0. The only set bit in X is cleared, so the result is zero.

Example: X = 8 (1000), X - 1 = 7 (0111), and 1000 & 0111 = 0000.