Read the following statements and the conclusions given below them. Assuming…

2025

Read the following statements and the conclusions given below them. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

Statements:

I. Some buttons are rivers.

II. Some rivers are shirts.

III. All shirts are people.

Conclusions:

I. Some people are rivers.

II. Some people are buttons.

III. Some shirts are buttons.

  1. A.

    Only I follows

  2. B.

    Only II follows

  3. C.

    Only III follows

  4. D.

    Only I and II follows

Attempted by 1 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

Concept: In a syllogism, a conclusion can be validly drawn only by combining exactly two statements that share a common (middle) term. Two 'some' (particular) statements never combine to give a valid conclusion -- at least one of the two combined statements must be an 'all' (universal) statement. A valid particular conclusion linking two terms can then be reversed by conversion: 'Some A are B' also means 'Some B are A'.

  1. Combine Statement II (Some rivers are shirts) with Statement III (All shirts are people) using the shared middle term "shirts". Since one premise is universal, a valid conclusion follows: Some rivers are people.

  2. Convert this particular conclusion: "Some rivers are people" also means "Some people are rivers" -- this establishes Conclusion I as valid.

  3. Check Conclusion II: it would need to link buttons and people, but Statement I (Some buttons are rivers) and the derived statement (Some rivers are people) are both particular ('some') statements -- two particular statements never combine validly, so no link between buttons and people is established. Conclusion II does not follow.

  4. Check Conclusion III: it would need a direct link between buttons and shirts, but Statement I (Some buttons are rivers) and Statement II (Some rivers are shirts) are also both particular statements -- again no valid combination exists. Conclusion III does not follow.

Cross-check: Only one valid two-premise combination is possible among the given statements, and it yields exactly Conclusion I. Hence only Conclusion I follows.

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