Which one of the following Boolean expressions is NOT a tautology?

2017

Which one of the following Boolean expressions is NOT a tautology?

  1. A.

    ((a → b) ∧ (b → c)) → (a → c)

  2. B.

    (a ↔ c) →( ¬b → (a ∧ c))

  3. C.

    (a ∧ b ∧ c) → (c ∨ a)

  4. D.

    a → (b → a)

Attempted by 39 students.

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Correct answer: B

A tautology is a Boolean expression that evaluates to True for all possible truth values of its variables. Option 0 represents the Law of Syllogism, which is a standard tautology. Options 2 and 3 are also known logical forms that always evaluate to True. Option 1 is not a tautology because it can be False under certain conditions. For example, if a = False, b = False, and c = False, the expression evaluates to False. Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.

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