The passages given below are followed by a set of questions. Choose the most…

The passages given below are followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The 1983 re-organization was done with the objective of renewal; it was indeed a very complex exercise handled deftly by A. V. Ranga Rao and C. R. Swaminathan. We created a team of newly joined young scientists with just one experienced person and gave them the challenge of building the strap down inertial guidance system, an onboard computer and a ram rocket in the propulsion system. This exercise was being attempted for the first time in the country and the technology involved was comparable with world-class systems. The guidance technology is centered on the gyro and accelerometer package, and electronics, to process the sensor output. The onboard computer carries the mission computations and flight sequencing. A ram rocket system breathes air to sustain its high velocity for long durations after it is put through a booster rocket. The young teams not only designed these systems but also developed them into operational equipment. Later, Prithvi and then Agni used similar guidance systems, with excellent results. The effort of these young teams made the country self-reliant in the area of protected technologies. It was a good demonstration of the ’renewal factor’. Our intellectual capacity was renewed through contact with enthusiastic young minds and had achieved these outstanding results.

Now, besides the renewal of manpower, the emphasis had to be laid on augmenting the strength of project groups. Often, people seek to satisfy their social, egoistic and self-actualization needs at their workplaces. A good leader must identify two different sets of environmental features. One, which satisfies a person’s need and the other, which creates dissatisfaction with his work. We have already observed that people look for those characteristics in their work that relate to the values and goals which they consider important as giving meaning to their lives. If a job meets the employees’ need for achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth, and advancement, they will work hard to achieve goals.

Once the work is satisfying, a person then looks at the environment and circumstances in the workplace. He observes the policies of the administration, qualities of his leader, security, status and working conditions. Then, he correlates these factors to the interpersonal relations he has with his peers and examines his personal life in the light of these factors. It is the agglomerate of all these aspects that decides the degree and quality of a person’s effort and performance.

The matrix organization evolved in 1983 proved excellent in meeting all these requirements. So, while retaining this structure of the laboratory, we undertook a task-design exercise. The scientists working in technology directorates were made system managers interact exclusively with one project. An external fabrication wing was formed under P. K. Biswas, developmental fabrication technologists of long standing, to deal with the public sector undertakings and privates sector firms associated with the developmental of the missile hardware. This reduced pressure on the in-house fabrication and enabled them to concentrate on jobs that could not be undertaken outside, which in fact, occupied all these three shifts.

The author’s choice of the team indicated his

I. Lack of his faith in the older generation to achieve things

II. Bias towards younger scientists

III. Perception of the level of difficulty of the project.