Given ∑ = {a, b}, which of the following sets is not countable ?

1997

Given ∑ = {a, b}, which of the following sets is not countable ?

  1. A.

    Set of all strings over ∑

  2. B.

    Set of all languages over ∑

  3. C.

    Set of all regular languages over ∑

  4. D.

    Set of all languages over ∑ accepted by Turing machines

Attempted by 4 students.

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Correct answer: B

  • Strings: Any individual string is finite, and the collection of all strings (Σ*) is countably infinite.

  • Languages defined by machines/grammars: Any language that can be parsed or recognized by a machine (Regular, Context-Free, Decidable, or Turing-Recognizable) requires a finite system of rules to define it. Since the number of distinct machines we can build is countable, the number of such languages is also countable.

  • All possible languages: The set of all languages (2Σ*) includes entirely arbitrary collections of strings that don't follow any algorithmic pattern or machine rules. This maps directly to an uncountable power set.

Therefore, the set of all languages over Σ is the only uncountable set in the list.

Correct Answer: B

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