Define init(L) = {u | uv is in L for some v in {0, 1}*}. In other words,…

1996

Define init(L) = {u | uv is in L for some v in {0, 1}*}. In other words, init(L) is the set of prefixes of strings in L.

Let L = {w | w is nonempty and has an equal number of 0s and 1s}. Then init(L) is

  1. A.

    the set of all binary strings with unequal numbers of 0s and 1s

  2. B.

    the set of all binary strings, including the null string

  3. C.

    the set of all binary strings with exactly one more 0 than 1, or exactly one more 1 than 0

  4. D.

    None of the above

Attempted by 6 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Take any binary string u. If u has more 0s than 1s, append enough 1s to make the counts equal. If u has more 1s than 0s, append enough 0s. If u already has equal counts, append 01 so that the resulting string is nonempty and still balanced.

Therefore every binary string u is a prefix of some nonempty string in L. The null string is also a prefix, for example of 01. Hence init(L) = {0, 1}*, the set of all binary strings including the null string.

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