Which of the following languages is/are regular? \(L_1: \left\{ wxw^R \mid w,…

2015

Which of the following languages is/are regular?

\(L_1: \left\{ wxw^R \mid w, x \in \{a, b\} ^* \text{ and } |w|, |x| > 0\right\}, w^R \text{ is the reverse of string } w\)

\(L_2: \left\{ a^nb^m \mid m \neq n \text { and } m, n \geq 0 \right\}\)

\(L_3: \left\{ a^pb^qc^r \mid p, q, r \geq 0 \right\}\)

  1. A.

    \(L_1\) and \(L_3\) only

  2. B.

    \(L_2\) only

  3. C.

    \(L_2\) and \(L_3\) only

  4. D.

    \(L_3\) only

Attempted by 147 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

Key insight: determine regularity of each language.

  • L1: { w x w^R | w,x ∈ {a,b}*, |w|,|x|>0 } is regular. Take w of length 1: strings become a x a or b x b, so L1 is exactly the set of strings of length ≥2 whose first and last symbol are equal. A regular expression is (a(a|b)+a) ∪ (b(a|b)+b).

  • L2: { a^n b^m | m ≠ n } is not regular. Reason: a*b* is regular. If L2 were regular then a*b* \ L2 = { a^n b^n } would be regular as a difference of regular languages, contradicting the known non-regularity of { a^n b^n }.

  • L3: { a^p b^q c^r | p,q,r ≥ 0 } is regular since it equals a*b*c*.

Therefore the regular languages are L1 and L3.

A video solution is available for this question — log in and enroll to watch it.

Explore the full course: Gate Guidance By Sanchit Sir