Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet ∑. Let f : ∑ → ∑ be a…

2003

Consider two languages L1 and L2 each on the alphabet ∑. Let f : ∑ → ∑ be a polynomial time computable bijection such that (∀ x) [x ∈ L1 if f(x) ∈ L2]. Further, let f-1 be also polynomial time computable. Which of the following CANNOT be true?

  1. A.

    L1 ∈ P and L2 is finite

  2. B.

    L1 ∈ NP and L2 ∈ P

  3. C.

    L1 is undecidable and L2 is decidable

  4. D.

    L1 is recursively enumerable and L2 is recursive

Attempted by 7 students.

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Correct answer: C

The given conditions imply that L1 and L2 are polynomial-time isomorphic, meaning they have the same computational complexity. Since f and f⁻¹ are both polynomial-time computable, decidability is preserved under this transformation. Therefore, if L1 were undecidable and L2 decidable, it would contradict the isomorphism. Hence, option C cannot be true because undecidability cannot map to decidability under such a transformation.

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