Consider a process executing on an operating system that uses demand paging.…

2018

Consider a process executing on an operating system that uses demand paging. The average time for a memory access in the system is \(M\) units if the corresponding memory page is available in memory, and \(D\) units if the memory access causes a page fault. It has been experimentally measured that the average time taken for a memory access in the process is \(X\) units.

Which one of the following is the correct expression for the page fault rate experienced by the process?

  1. A.

    \((D – M) / (X – M)\)

  2. B.

    \((X – M) / (D – M)\)

  3. C.

    \((D – X) / (D – M)\)

  4. D.

    \((X – M) / (D – X)\)

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Correct answer: B

Derivation:

Let p be the page fault rate (probability that an access causes a page fault).

  • Average access time equals the weighted average of the two cases:

  • X = (1 − p) · M + p · D

  • Rearrange: X = M + p · (D − M)

Solve for p:

  1. X − M = p · (D − M)

  2. p = (X − M) / (D − M)

Final expression for the page fault rate:

(X − M) / (D − M)

Notes: This requires D ≠ M. Also check that the computed value lies between 0 and 1 to be a valid probability; if not, review the measured values.

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