14 June - English - Preposition
Duration: 56 min
This video lesson is available to enrolled students.
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This educational video is a detailed English grammar lecture focused on the usage of prepositions, presented by an instructor identified as Yash Jain. The session begins with a brief introductory sequence featuring movie clips and a song before transitioning into the academic content. The core of the lecture is a systematic breakdown of prepositions, starting with a visual definition using spatial relationships and moving into a formal linguistic definition. A significant portion of the video is dedicated to distinguishing between confusing pairs of prepositions, such as 'of' versus 'from', 'with' versus 'by', 'beside' versus 'besides', 'among' versus 'amongst', 'make of' versus 'make from', 'for' versus 'during', 'of' versus 'off', 'through' versus 'across', and 'on' versus 'upon'. The instructor uses handwritten notes on lined paper and digital slides to illustrate these concepts, providing specific rules and multiple examples for each pair to clarify nuances in meaning, such as separation versus joining, or stationary position versus motion. The lecture concludes with the usage of 'beyond', 'at', and 'to', followed by practice questions and a promotional segment for a GATE guidance course.
Chapters
0:00 – 2:00 00:00-02:00
The video opens with a black screen displaying the name 'Yash Jain' in white text. This is followed by a sequence of movie clips, including a scene from 'Bhaag Milkha Bhaag' showing a runner and a close-up of a man's face. The screen then transitions to a song with lyrics displayed in Hindi and English, such as 'गुजरा पल गुजरा कल मुझसे हो न सके' and 'अब WAIT आखिर फिर खुल ही गया'. The visual style is dark with white text overlays, setting a dramatic tone before the educational content begins.
2:00 – 5:00 02:00-05:00
The lesson officially begins with a slide titled 'PREPOSITION' in red text. The slide features a series of illustrations showing a cartoon boy interacting with a colorful ball to demonstrate spatial relationships. The specific prepositions illustrated include 'BEHIND', 'BETWEEN', 'IN FRONT OF', 'ABOVE', 'IN', 'UNDER', 'BESIDE', 'NEAR', and 'ON'. Each illustration visually depicts the relationship, such as the boy sitting inside a box for 'IN' or behind the ball for 'BEHIND'. A large, faint letter 'G' is visible in the background of the slide.
5:00 – 10:00 05:00-10:00
The instructor presents a handwritten definition of 'Preposition' on lined paper. The text reads 'Preposition = Pre + Position' with Hindi translations '(पहले)' and '(स्थान)' underneath. The definition explains that a preposition is a word used before a noun or pronoun to show a relation with other words. An example is provided: 'Ex. I go to school by Bus.' The instructor then displays a list of 23 preposition examples, numbered 1 through 23, including words like 'of', 'from', 'with', 'by', 'beside', 'between', 'among', 'make of', 'in', 'to', and 'around'.
10:00 – 15:00 10:00-15:00
The lecture moves to 'SOME CONFUSING PAIRS OF PREPOSITIONS', specifically focusing on 'OF - FROM'. The handwritten notes explain that both are used to show separation. 'OF' is defined as 'Sudden or accidental separation', while 'FROM' is defined as 'Planned or natural separation'. Examples are provided to illustrate this: 'He fell off the horse while riding' is marked correct for 'of', while 'He fell from the horse' is marked incorrect. Another example states 'Furniture is made from wood' is correct, whereas 'Furniture is made of wood' is marked incorrect, emphasizing the natural separation of material.
15:00 – 20:00 15:00-20:00
The next confusing pair discussed is 'WITH - BY'. The notes explain that 'WITH' is used for 'instrumental application' (tools or equipment), exemplified by 'The woodcutter cuts a tree with a saw'. In contrast, 'BY' is used for 'Traffic resources/Living Person'. Examples include 'The letter was written by Ram' and 'He came from Lucknow by Bus'. The instructor also notes that 'BY' is used in the sense of 'Till' for time, as in 'I will come back by evening', and in the sense of 'Beside' for both living and non-living things, such as 'A river flows by my house'.
20:00 – 25:00 20:00-25:00
The focus shifts to 'BESIDE - BESIDES'. The notes define 'BESIDE' as 'By the side of' with the Hindi translation '(के बगल में)'. An example given is 'Mohan is sitting beside his Father'. 'BESIDES' is defined as 'In addition to' with the Hindi translation '(के अलावा)'. The example provided is 'I like tea besides coffee'. The instructor writes these definitions in green and orange ink on the lined paper to distinguish the two terms clearly.
25:00 – 30:00 25:00-30:00
The lecture addresses 'AMONG - AMONGST'. The notes state that both are used for 'more than two' items. A specific rule is given: 'AMONG' is used for 'consonant sound' and 'AMONGST' is used for 'vowel sound'. Examples include 'among them' and 'amongst us'. The instructor adds handwritten notes in red ink, such as 'among umbrella' and 'among university', to reinforce the rule based on the following word's sound. The text 'alelilolu' is also written, likely as a mnemonic or phonetic aid.
30:00 – 35:00 30:00-35:00
The instructor explains 'MAKE OF - MAKE FROM'. The rule for 'MAKE OF' is 'When the Form of used material doesn't change', with the example 'My table is made of fine wood'. Conversely, 'MAKE FROM' is used 'When the Form of used material changes', exemplified by 'Cheese is made from milk'. The instructor circles 'of' in the first example and underlines 'from' in the second to highlight the key distinction. Additional handwritten notes at the top mention 'House is made of bricks' and 'T-shirt is made of cloth'.
35:00 – 40:00 35:00-40:00
The topic changes to 'FOR - DURING', noting that both show a 'Period of time'. 'FOR' is used to show the 'Time period', with the example 'He is on leave for a month'. 'DURING' is used to show 'something continuing in a time period', with the example 'He will stay with me during June'. The instructor underlines key phrases in the examples to emphasize the difference in usage, specifically highlighting 'for a month' and 'during June'.
40:00 – 45:00 40:00-45:00
The lecture covers 'OF - OFF'. 'OF' is defined as a 'preposition of Joining', while 'OFF' is a 'preposition of Separation'. Examples include 'A member of the family' for joining and 'He jumped off the roof' for separation. The instructor underlines 'off' in the second example. Additional notes at the top summarize the concepts: 'of -> accidental separation', 'from -> planned/natural separation', and 'off -> separation'. The instructor also writes 'switch off the light' as a practical example of separation.
45:00 – 50:00 45:00-50:00
The instructor discusses 'THROUGH - ACROSS'. 'THROUGH' is used in the sense of 'Pass From' (entry to exit) or to show 'medium', with examples like 'We walked through a garden of roses' and 'I sent a book through my servant'. 'ACROSS' is used in the sense of 'from one end to the other' or 'on the opposite side of'. Examples include 'A bridge is laid across the river' and 'My brother lives across the river'. The instructor draws a diagram showing a path through a garden to illustrate the concept.
50:00 – 55:00 50:00-55:00
The lesson covers 'ON - UPON'. 'ON' is defined as 'के ऊपर (रुक दूसरे के Touch में)' meaning on top of something in touch, with the example 'The book is on the table'. 'UPON' is defined as 'के ऊपर (Motion में)' meaning on top of something with motion, exemplified by 'The cat jumped upon the mat'. The instructor also covers 'Use of BEYOND' in the sense of 'Out of' or 'at the next end', with examples like 'The work is beyond my capacity' and 'My village is situated beyond this hills'. Finally, 'Use of AT' is explained for fixed points of time, smaller areas, and stationary positions.
55:00 – 56:19 55:00-56:19
The final section covers the 'Use of TO'. It is used for 'destination', 'near/nearby', 'time', and 'comparison'. Examples include 'He is going to school', 'The girl went to her lover', 'It is ten to eleven', and 'They won by six goals to three'. The video then transitions to practice questions, such as 'The public are cautioned ___ pickpockets' and 'We suffered ___ your neglect'. The session concludes with a screenshot of a website showing 'GATE Guidance by Sanchit Sir' and a final shot of the instructor.
The video provides a structured and comprehensive guide to English prepositions, moving from basic visual definitions to complex usage rules. The instructor effectively uses handwritten notes and slides to differentiate between commonly confused pairs, offering clear rules based on context such as material change, motion versus stationarity, and time periods. The progression from simple spatial prepositions to nuanced grammatical distinctions ensures a thorough understanding of the topic, culminating in practical application through examples and practice questions.