Let 𝐴 and 𝐡 be two events in a probability space with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐡) =…

2024

Let 𝐴 and 𝐡 be two events in a probability space with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐡) = 0.5, and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐡) = 0.1. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

  1. A.

    The two events 𝐴 and 𝐡 are independent

  2. B.

    𝑃(𝐴 βˆͺ 𝐡) = 0.7

  3. C.

    \(P(A \cap B^c) \)Β = 0.2, whereΒ \(B^c\) is the complement of the event B

  4. D.

    \(P(A^c \cap B^c) \) = 0.4, where \(A^c\) and \(B^c\) are the complements of the events 𝐴 and 𝐡, respectively

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Correct answer: B, C

Summary: The true statements are P(A βˆͺ B) = 0.7 and P(A ∩ B^c) = 0.2. The statements about independence and P(A^c ∩ B^c) = 0.4 are false.

  • Check independence: compute P(A)P(B) = 0.3 Γ— 0.5 = 0.15, which is not equal to the given P(A ∩ B) = 0.1. Therefore the events are not independent.

  • Compute the union: P(A βˆͺ B) = P(A) + P(B) βˆ’ P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 + 0.5 βˆ’ 0.1 = 0.7. So the union statement is correct.

  • Compute P(A ∩ B^c): since A = (A ∩ B) βˆͺ (A ∩ B^c) with disjoint parts, P(A ∩ B^c) = P(A) βˆ’ P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 βˆ’ 0.1 = 0.2. So this statement is correct.

  • Compute P(A^c ∩ B^c): this equals 1 βˆ’ P(A βˆͺ B). Using P(A βˆͺ B) = 0.7 gives P(A^c ∩ B^c) = 1 βˆ’ 0.7 = 0.3, so the claim of 0.4 is incorrect.

  • Final correct statements: P(A βˆͺ B) = 0.7 and P(A ∩ B^c) = 0.2.

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