The following system of equations x₁ + x₂ + 2x₃ = 1 x₁ + 2x₂ + 3x₃ = 2 x₁ +…

2008

The following system of equations

x₁ + x₂ + 2x₃ = 1
x₁ + 2x₂ + 3x₃ = 2
x₁ + 4x₂ + αx₃ = 4

has a unique solution. The only possible value(s) for α is/are

  1. A.

    either 0 or 1

  2. B.

    any real number 

  3. C.

    0

  4. D.

    any real number other than 5

Attempted by 2 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

A system of three linear equations in three variables has a unique solution when the determinant of its coefficient matrix is nonzero.

The coefficient matrix is
[1  1  2]
[1  2  3]
[1  4  α].

Its determinant is:
1(2α - 12) - 1(α - 3) + 2(4 - 2)
= 2α - 12 - α + 3 + 4
= α - 5.

For a unique solution, determinant ≠ 0.
So α - 5 ≠ 0, i.e. α ≠ 5.

Therefore, α can be any real number other than 5.

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