Consider the following system of equations in three real variables x₁, x₂ and…

2005

Consider the following system of equations in three real variables x₁, x₂ and x₃:

2x₁ - x₂ + 3x₃ = 1
3x₁ - 2x₂ + 5x₃ = 2
-x₁ + 4x₂ + x₃ = 3

This system of equations has

  1. A.

    no solution

  2. B.

    a unique solution

  3. C.

    more than one but a finite number of solutions

  4. D.

    an infinite number of solutions

Attempted by 4 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Write the coefficient matrix as

A = [[2, -1, 3], [3, -2, 5], [-1, 4, 1]].

The determinant is

|A| = 2[(-2)(1) - (5)(4)] - (-1)[(3)(1) - (5)(-1)] + 3[(3)(4) - (-2)(-1)]
= 2(-22) + 8 + 3(10)
= -44 + 8 + 30
= -6.

Since det(A) is non-zero, the coefficient matrix is invertible. Therefore the system has a unique solution.

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