Let 𝑛 > 1. Consider an 𝑛×𝑛 matrix 𝑀 with its elements from ℝ. Let the…

2026

Let 𝑛 > 1. Consider an 𝑛×𝑛 matrix 𝑀 with its elements from ℝ. Let the vector (0,1,0,0,…,0)βˆˆβ„π‘› be in the null space of 𝑀.

Which of the following options is/are always correct?

  1. A.

    Determinant of 𝑀 is 1

  2. B.

    Determinant of 𝑀 is 0

  3. C.

    Rank of 𝑀 is 1

  4. D.

    There are at least two non-zero vectors in the null space of 𝑀

Attempted by 7 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B, D

The vector (0, 1, 0, ..., 0) is the second standard basis vector e_2. Since e_2 is in the null space of M, we have M e_2 = 0. But M e_2 is exactly the second column of M, so the second column of M is the zero column.

A matrix with a zero column is singular, hence det(M) = 0. Also, because e_2 is in the null space, every scalar multiple c e_2 is also in the null space. Over R, this gives infinitely many non-zero vectors in the null space, so at least two non-zero vectors certainly exist.

The rank need not be 1; it could be as large as n - 1 if the remaining columns are independent. Therefore the always-correct options are 2 and 4.

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