Let 𝒖 = \(\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\ 5 \\ \end{bmatrix} \) , and let…

2024

Let 𝒖 =Β \(\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\ 5 \\ \end{bmatrix} \) , and let 𝜎1 , 𝜎2 ,𝜎3 , 𝜎4 , 𝜎5 be the singular values of the matrix

𝑴= 𝒖𝒖𝑻 (where 𝒖𝑻 is the transpose of 𝒖). The value ofΒ \(\sum_{i=1}^{5} \sigma_i \) is ______.

Attempted by 4 students.

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Correct answer: 55

Answer: 55

Explanation:

Compute the squared norm of u:

  • ||u||^2 = 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + 5^2 = 55.

  • Reason via eigenvalues: The matrix M = u u^T is symmetric, positive semidefinite, and has rank 1. M u = (u^T u) u, so there is a single nonzero eigenvalue equal to ||u||^2 = 55, and the other four eigenvalues are 0. For a symmetric positive semidefinite matrix, singular values equal eigenvalues, so the singular values are 55, 0, 0, 0, 0.

  • Alternative check via trace: trace(M) = trace(u u^T) = u^T u = 55. The trace equals the sum of eigenvalues, which for this matrix equals the sum of singular values, confirming the sum is 55.

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