Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set of positive integers such that π‘Žπ‘…π‘ if and…

2015

Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set of positive integers such that π‘Žπ‘…π‘Β if and only if π‘Ž and 𝑏 are distinct and have a common divisor other than 1. Which one of the following statements about 𝑅 is true?

  1. A.

    𝑅 is symmetric and reflexive but not transitive

  2. B.

    𝑅 is reflexive but not symmetric and not transitive

  3. C.

    𝑅 is transitive but not reflexive and not symmetric

  4. D.

    𝑅 is symmetric but not reflexive and not transitive

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Correct answer: D

Key properties:

  • Symmetric: If a and b are distinct and have a common divisor greater than 1, then b and a also are distinct and have the same common divisor. Thus aRb implies bRa.

  • Not reflexive: Reflexivity would require aRa for every positive integer a, but the definition requires a and b to be distinct, so aRa never holds.

  • Not transitive: Provide a counterexample. Take a = 2, b = 6, c = 3. Then 2 and 6 share the divisor 2 (so 2R6), and 6 and 3 share the divisor 3 (so 6R3), but 2 and 3 have no common divisor greater than 1 (so 2R3 is false). Hence transitivity fails.

Conclusion: R is symmetric but not reflexive and not transitive.

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