A binary operation \(\oplus\) on a set of integers is defined as \(x \oplus y…

2013

A binary operation \(\oplus\) on a set of integers is defined as \(x \oplus y = x^{2}+y^{2}\) . Which one of the following statements is TRUE about \(\oplus\)?

  1. A.

    Commutative but not associative

  2. B.

    Both commutative and associative

  3. C.

    Associative but not commutative

  4. D.

    Neither commutative nor associative

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Correct answer: A

Key idea: check commutativity and associativity for the operation x ⊕ y = x² + y².

Commutativity:

  • x ⊕ y = x² + y² = y² + x² = y ⊕ x, so the operation is commutative for all integers x and y.

Associativity:

  • Compute (x ⊕ y) ⊕ z = (x² + y²)² + z² and x ⊕ (y ⊕ z) = x² + (y² + z²)². These expressions are not equal in general.

  • Example: x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 gives (1 ⊕ 2) ⊕ 3 = (1+4)² + 9 = 25 + 9 = 34, while 1 ⊕ (2 ⊕ 3) = 1 + (4+9)² = 1 + 169 = 170. Since 34 ≠ 170, associativity fails.

Conclusion: the operation is commutative but not associative, so the correct statement is: "Commutative but not associative."

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