Using a 4-bit 2’s complement arithmetic, which of the following additions will…

2004

Using a 4-bit 2’s complement arithmetic, which of the following additions will result in an overflow?

(i) 1100 + 1100

(ii) 0011 + 0111

(iii) 1111 + 0111

  1. A.

    (i) only

  2. B.

    (ii) only

  3. C.

    (iii) only

  4. D.

    (i) and (iii) only

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Correct answer: B

Answer: Only 0011 + 0111 causes overflow.

Key rule: Overflow in two's complement addition occurs when two numbers with the same sign produce a result with the opposite sign (equivalently, when the true sum falls outside the representable range −8 to +7 for 4 bits).

  • 1100 + 1100: 1100 represents −4. Sum = −4 + (−4) = −8, which is representable as 1000 in 4-bit two's complement. No overflow.

  • 0011 + 0111: 0011 is +3 and 0111 is +7. Sum = +10, which is outside the representable range. Binary addition gives 1010 (interpreted as −6), so two positives produced a negative result — this is an overflow.

  • 1111 + 0111: 1111 is −1 and 0111 is +7. Sum = −1 + 7 = +6, representable as 0110. Operands have opposite signs, so no overflow.

Therefore, only 0011 + 0111 results in overflow.

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