Let ⊕ denote the exclusive OR (XOR) operation. Let '1' and '0' denote the…

2014

Let ⊕ denote the exclusive OR (XOR) operation. Let '1' and '0' denote the binary constants. Consider the following Boolean expression for \(F\) over two variables \(P\) and \(Q\):

\(F(P,Q)=\left( \left(1 \oplus P \right) \oplus \left( P \oplus Q \right )\right ) \oplus \left(\left(P \oplus Q\right) \oplus \left(Q \oplus 0\right)\right)\)

The equivalent expression for \(F\) is

  1. A.

    \(P+Q\)

  2. B.

    \(\overline{P+Q}\)

  3. C.

    \(P \oplus Q\)

  4. D.

    \(\overline {P \oplus Q}\)

Attempted by 902 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

Key idea: use XOR associativity/commutativity and identities x ⊕ x = 0, x ⊕ 0 = x, 1 ⊕ x = ¬x.

  • Expand and group all XOR terms: (1 ⊕ P) ⊕ (P ⊕ Q) = 1 ⊕ P ⊕ P ⊕ Q

  • (P ⊕ Q) ⊕ (Q ⊕ 0) = P ⊕ Q ⊕ Q ⊕ 0

  • Combine the two results: 1 ⊕ P ⊕ P ⊕ Q ⊕ P ⊕ Q ⊕ Q ⊕ 0

  • Cancel pairs (x ⊕ x = 0) and simplify constants: this reduces to 1 ⊕ P ⊕ Q

  • Use 1 ⊕ (P ⊕ Q) = ¬(P ⊕ Q). Therefore F(P,Q) = ¬(P ⊕ Q).

A video solution is available for this question — log in and enroll to watch it.

Explore the full course: Gate Guidance By Sanchit Sir