The format of a single-precision floating-point number as per the IEEE 754…

2024

The format of a single-precision floating-point number as per the IEEE 754 standard is:

\(\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \small \text{Sign} & \small \text{Exponent} & \small \text{Mantissa} \\ \small \text{(1 bit)} & \small \text{(8 bits)} & \small \text{(23 bits)} \\ \hline \end{array} \)

Choose the largest floating-point number among the following options.

  1. A. SignExponentMantissa00111 11111111 1111 1111 1111 1111 111
  2. B. SignExponentMantissa01111 11101111 1111 1111 1111 1111 111
  3. C. SignExponentMantissa01111 11111111 1111 1111 1111 1111 111
  4. D. SignExponentMantissa00111 11110000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000

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Correct answer: B

Key insight: for normalized single-precision values use value = (−1)^sign × (1 + mantissa/2^23) × 2^(exponent − 127).

  • Exponent = 11111111 (255) with nonzero mantissa is NaN, not a finite number, so exclude it when choosing the largest finite value.

  • Exponent = 11111110 (254) with mantissa = all ones yields the largest finite positive value: (2 − 2^−23) × 2^127 ≈ 3.4028235 × 10^38.

  • Smaller examples: exponent = 01111111 (127) with mantissa all ones gives ≈ 1.99999988, and with mantissa 0 gives 1.0.

Therefore the bit pattern with sign = 0, exponent = 11111110 and mantissa = all ones is the largest finite IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point number.

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