Consider two binary operators \(\text{‘} \uparrow \text{’}\) and \(\text{‘}…

2011

Consider two binary operators \(\text{‘} \uparrow \text{’}\)  and \(\text{‘} \downarrow \text{’}\) with the precedence of operator \(\downarrow\) being lower than that of the operator \(\text{} \uparrow \text{}\). Operator \(\text{} \uparrow \text{}\) is right associative while operator \(\downarrow\) is left associative. Which one of the following represents the parse tree for expression \((7 \downarrow 3 \uparrow 4 \uparrow 3 \downarrow 2)\)

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Key rules:

  • ↑ has higher precedence than ↓.

  • ↑ is right-associative (group to the right).

  • ↓ is left-associative (group to the left).

Apply the rules to the expression (7 ↓ 3 ↑ 4 ↑ 3 ↓ 2):

  1. Because ↑ has higher precedence, group the ↑ operations first. Since ↑ is right-associative, 3 ↑ 4 ↑ 3 becomes 3 ↑ (4 ↑ 3).

  2. After that grouping the expression becomes 7 ↓ (3 ↑ (4 ↑ 3)) ↓ 2.

  3. Now apply ↓ left-to-right (left-associative), producing ((7 ↓ (3 ↑ (4 ↑ 3))) ↓ 2).

Final parse (parenthesized form): ((7 ↓ (3 ↑ (4 ↑ 3))) ↓ 2)

Common mistakes to avoid:

  • Grouping a ↓ under an ↑ (this violates precedence; ↑ must be grouped first).

  • Treating ↑ as left-associative (this yields (3 ↑ 4) ↑ 3 instead of 3 ↑ (4 ↑ 3)).

  • Applying ↓ before resolving the ↑ subexpressions (this also breaks precedence).

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