The question given below contains three elements. These elements may or may…
2025
The question given below contains three elements. These elements may or may not have some inter linkage. Each group of elements may fit into one of these diagrams at (A), (B), (C), (D) and/or (E). You have to indicate the group of elements which correctly fits into the diagrams. Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Page, Chapter and Book?
Attempted by 11 students.
Show answer & explanation
Concept: In this type of set-relation diagram question, each circle represents one of the three given classes, and how the circles are drawn communicates the exact relationship between them: two disjoint (non-touching) circles mean the classes share no members at all; two overlapping circles mean the classes share only some members; and one circle drawn strictly inside another means the inner class is a full subset of the outer class -- every member of the inner class is also a member of the outer class. When three classes form a strict subset-of-subset chain, that chain is drawn as three circles sharing one common centre, each fully enclosed by the next larger one.
Application: The statement says a Page is in a Chapter, and a Chapter is in a Book. So every Page is a member of some Chapter (Page is a full subset of Chapter), and every Chapter is a member of some Book (Chapter is a full subset of Book). Chaining these two full-subset relationships together gives Page inside Chapter inside Book -- the smallest class (Page) must sit completely inside the middle class (Chapter), which must itself sit completely inside the largest class (Book), all three sharing one centre.
Cross-check -- why the other layouts don't fit:
Two circles nested together plus a third, fully separate circle: this ties only two of the three classes into a containment relationship and leaves the third with no link to the other two -- it cannot carry both stated relationships at once.
Three circles drawn fully apart, none touching: this treats the three classes as sharing nothing at all, with no containment between any pair -- it contradicts both "is in" statements.
One larger circle enclosing two smaller circles side by side: this puts two of the classes inside the third but keeps those two as separate, unconnected siblings -- it never shows one of them fully inside the other, so it captures only half of the described chain.
Three circles, each fully enclosed by the next larger one, all sharing a single centre: this alone shows every Page inside a Chapter AND every Chapter inside a Book at the same time.
Result: The fully concentric three-circle diagram is the one that correctly represents the relation between Page, Chapter and Book.