The question contains some statements followed by some conclusions. Decide…
2025
The question contains some statements followed by some conclusions. Decide which of the given conclusions logically follow from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements
(a) All cities are towns.
(b) Some cities are villages.
Conclusions
I. All villages are towns.
II. No village is a town
- A.
Only I follows
- B.
Only II follows
- C.
Neither I nor II follows
- D.
None
Attempted by 85 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Final answer: NEITHER I nor II follows.
Reasoning:
From "All cities are towns" and "Some cities are villages" we can validly deduce that some villages are towns (specifically, those entities that are both cities and villages are towns).
Conclusion I states that all villages are towns. This does not follow because the statements do not say that every village is a city; there could be villages that are not cities and therefore not known to be towns.
Conclusion II states that no village is a town. This contradicts the valid deduction that some villages are towns, so II is false.
Counterexample to show I is false: imagine one village that is also a city (hence a town) and another village that is not a city (and not known to be a town). This satisfies the statements but disproves "all villages are towns."