What is the total number of members in state Legislative Council of Uttar…

Concept: Under Article 171 of the Constitution, a state's Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) is a permanent, non-dissolvable house whose total strength is fixed by Parliament, by law, for that specific state -- it is not a fixed number common to every bicameral state. Members are drawn from a mix of categories: elected by MLAs, elected by local self-government bodies, elected by teachers' constituencies, elected by graduates' constituencies, and nominated by the Governor.

Application: Uttar Pradesh is one of the six states with a bicameral legislature, and its Vidhan Parishad is the largest Legislative Council of any Indian state, with a sanctioned strength of 100 members. This total is built from five categories: 38 elected by the members of the state Legislative Assembly, 36 elected by local bodies (municipalities and zila/kshetra panchayats), 8 elected by registered graduates, 8 elected by teachers, and 10 nominated by the Governor for contributions to literature, science, art, cooperative movement, and social service.

Cross-check: Summing the five categories independently confirms the total -- 38 + 36 + 8 + 8 + 10 = 100. This also matches the Council's own recorded history: its strength stood at 108 before the year 2000 reorganisation (when Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh) and has stood at 100 since, so 100 is the figure applicable in 2021 as well.

Why the other options don't fit:

• 110 Members -- no combination of the five constitutionally defined categories for Uttar Pradesh's Council sums to this figure, before or after the year-2000 reorganisation.

• 80 Members -- this is well below Uttar Pradesh's sanctioned strength in either era; it is closer to the size of some other states' Councils, not Uttar Pradesh's.

• 104 Members -- close to, but distinct from, the Council's pre-2000 strength of 108; it does not correspond to either the historical or the present sanctioned strength.