Which of the following is not a tool of good governance?

Concept

Good-governance tools are institutional mechanisms that make public administration more transparent, accountable, responsive, and participatory. They give citizens information, service standards, or a structured way to examine public action.

Application

The Right to Information opens access to public records; Citizens' Charters publish service commitments and grievance channels; and social auditing enables community scrutiny of programmes and expenditure. Judicial activism, by contrast, refers to an assertive judicial approach to interpreting law and enforcing rights; it is not one of these administrative good-governance tools in the classification used by this question.

Contrast

• Right to Information: promotes transparency and public answerability through access to government information.

• Citizens' Charter: states service standards, timelines, and grievance-redress arrangements.

• Social auditing: involves citizens in examining implementation, records, and public expenditure.

• Judicial activism: concerns the judiciary's assertive role in interpreting law and shaping the enforcement of rights.

Cross-check and result

The Right to Information, Citizens' Charters, and social auditing operate as citizen-facing transparency, service-delivery, or accountability instruments. Judicial activism belongs to the sphere of judicial interpretation and intervention. Therefore, the required answer is Judicial Activism.