Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given…

Concept: The Constitution assigns each major body, procedure, or emergency power to a specific Article. Match-the-list questions on Polity test precise Article-to-subject recall, not the general theme of the Part in which an Article sits — so each part of List-I must be checked against its own governing Article individually.

1. Finance Commission: Article 280 provides for a Finance Commission to be constituted every five years to recommend the distribution of tax proceeds between the Union and the States.

2. Financial Emergency: Article 360 empowers the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency when the financial stability or credit of India, or any part of it, is threatened.

3. Rajya Sabha: Article 312 lets Parliament create new All-India Services, but only after the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) passes a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of members present and voting declaring it necessary in the national interest — one of the distinct law-making powers reserved specifically for the Rajya Sabha.

4. Constitutional Amendment: Article 368 lays down the special procedure for amending the Constitution, including which categories of amendment need ratification by half the State legislatures.

Cross-check: Each of the four codes is used exactly once across the four items, and Article 80 (the Rajya Sabha's composition) is deliberately left out of the choices offered — confirming the intended link for Rajya Sabha here is its special Article 312 power, not its composition. Reading the four pairings together against List-II gives Finance Commission-Art.280, Financial Emergency-Art.360, Rajya Sabha-Art.312, and Constitutional Amendment-Art.368.