When and where was Article 356 first used?

2019

When and where was Article 356 first used?

  1. A.

    Bihar 1958

  2. B.

    Jammu and Kashmir 1956

  3. C.

    Kerala 1959

  4. D.

    Madhya Pradesh 1957

Attempted by 3 students.

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Correct answer: C

Article 356 of the Constitution empowers the President to impose President's Rule in a state when a situation arises in which the government of that state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution -- the President assumes the functions of the state government, and Parliament (or the President, under delegated authority) takes over the state's legislative powers, while the state assembly is typically suspended or dissolved.

The first-ever invocation of Article 356 anywhere in India was in Punjab in 1951, and it was invoked again in the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) in 1953 after an elected coalition government lost its majority -- neither state-year pairing is among the options offered here. Among the pairings that ARE offered, this question is keyed to Kerala 1959: on 31 July 1959, President's Rule was imposed and the democratically elected Communist-led government of Chief Minister E. M. S. Namboodiripad was dismissed, following the prolonged 'Vimochana Samaram' agitation against the state's land-reform and education-reform measures -- widely cited in general-knowledge sources as the first dismissal of a majority elected state government on primarily political grounds.

None of the remaining pairings -- Jammu and Kashmir 1956, Madhya Pradesh 1957, or Bihar 1958 -- corresponds to any recorded Article 356 proclamation in those years, so each is ruled out. Kerala 1959 is therefore the only offered pairing that names a genuine Article 356 event, and it is the answer this question is keyed to. Note the nuance: the literal first-ever imposition of President's Rule (Punjab in 1951, and its use in PEPSU in 1953) lies outside the option set, so 'Kerala 1959' is cited here in its well-established sense as the first dismissal of a majority elected state government under Article 356.

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