Which of the following statements are true regarding Takshashila? A. The great…

Concept

For statement-combination questions, test each assertion independently against reliable historical evidence and retain only the labels of supported assertions. Takshashila was a decentralised centre of advanced learning around individual teachers, not a modern tuition-free university open without qualification.

Application

1. Statement A: NCERT identifies Panini as a noted pupil of Takshashila, so the claim about his education there is supported.

2. Statement B: NCERT states that Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, studied at Takshashila, so this claim is supported.

3. Statement C: Teachers exercised autonomy in selecting students, and the historical model was not a universally open, tuition-free institution; this absolute claim is not supported.

4. Statement D: University of Mumbai course material records fees, manual labour in lieu of fees, deferred payment, and charity exceptions. This establishes that fee-or-service arrangements existed, as the clarified statement says.

Contrast

• “B and D only” omits the supported statement about Panini.

• “A, B and C only” includes the unsupported universal-free-access claim and omits the fee-or-service statement.

• “A and D only” omits the supported statement about Kautilya.

• “A, B and D only” retains the three supported statements and leaves out the unsupported universal-free-access claim.

Result

Therefore, statements A, B and D are true, and the answer is “A, B and D only”.